Rome - Itinerary Italia -

Callixtus III, Alexander VI and Saint Francisco de Borja left their mark on the city.
The Rome of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries witnessed innumerable events related to the Borgias. The appointment of the two Valencian popes, Callixtus III (1455) and Alexander VI (1492), and the rise to the generalship of the Jesuits of Saint Francisco de Borja. City in which, in addition, the three die.
It is in Rome where the lineage of the Borgias expands in the ecclesiastical and administrative strata of the Vatican, where the two weddings of Lucrezia Borgia take place and where the murders of Giovanni Borgia, second Duke of Gandia, of Alfonso de Aragón, husband of Lucrezia, and the multiple criminal acts attributed to Cesare Borgia.
The artistic patronage of Alexander VI had a strong imprint on the city, with works in the Castel Sant'Angelo, Santa Maria Maggiore and the Borgia tower of the Vatican Palace. Among his urban reforms, the reorganization of Piazza Navona, the restoration of the city walls and the opening of Via Alexandrina, to link the Basilica of San Pedro with the Castel Sant'Angelo.
The Rome of the fifteenth century is that of the resolution of the schisms in the Catholic Church, that of the advance of Islam with the fall of Constantinople (1453) and that of the discovery of America (1492).
At the end of this century the conflicts between the great powers of the time were accentuated: the popes and the kings of France, Naples and Aragon
In this period humanism and the Renaissance began their implementation as cultural expressions. The Vatican library is organized, the first museum in the world is created and the jubilee of the year 1500 takes place.
The Renaissance rediscovers the artistic and intellectual values of antiquity. Creators will be hired to embellish the city, whose works will mark the history of art: Bramante, Raphael or Michelangelo.
Rome is sacked by the troops of Charles V (1527) and Paul III founds the court of the Inquisition (1542) under the supervision of the Dominicans. Ignacio de Loyola sees the Jesuits approved (1540) putting himself at the forefront of the evangelizing work and the counter-reformation.
In the sixteenth century the popes consolidate their power, but the Lutheran schism causes a tear in all of Christianity. The Counter-Reformation sets in motion a set of measures with which the papacy tries to counteract the crisis, planned in the extensive Council of Trent (1545-1563).
At that time it will be Saint Francisco de Borja who will rescue the memory of the lineage, by renouncing the sumptuousness of this world and placing himself under the orders of Saint Ignacio de Loyola (1550), residing in Rome since his appointment as general of the Jesuits, in 1565, until his death in 1572.